La Yole (The Skiff) (1875) by Pierre-Auguste Renoir.A famous American artist in the late 19th century and early 20th century, Maxfield Parrish, gained praise for his use of the cobalt blue color that is sometimes also referred to as Parrish Blue. Other artists including Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir as well as Vincent Van Gogh, all used the pigment instead of the more expensive ultramarine pigment. He saw it as a better alternative to ultramarine blue because of its superior intensity and contrast. In the early 19 th century, the watercolorist, John Varley, incorporated cobalt blue instead of ultramarine blue into his paintings. Artists over the years have used the cobalt blue color in their paintings. This pigment then was commercially produced by various manufacturers. This blue cobalt pigment was more stable and lightfast than previous versions. In the 19 th century, a French chemist by the name of Louis Jacques Thénard came up with the cobalt blue pigment that was a combination of cobalt oxide and aluminum oxide, and entirely alumina-based pigment. However, even though it was cheaper, it did have a tendency to turn an ugly grayish-green, when too much oil was added to it when painting. This particular cobalt blue pigment was more affordable than ultramarine blue, which was expensive and derived from lapis lazuli. Since the Middle Ages, there has also been cobalt blue smalt, which is powdered glass that contains cobalt oxide. The cobalt blue pigment is a color that has been utilized for a long time by various cultures, for example, to color Chinese porcelain and ceramics. This then became known as cobalt, which was eventually recorded as a color name in the late 18 th century. In Germany, medieval miners used the term Kobold, which was a type of malicious spirit, that they believed replaced the real silver with this toxic silver substitute. This is where the name cobalt blue originated. When these imitation silver metals were melted down, they released toxic chemicals, which were dangerous to inhale. However, in the past, other metals could also be mistaken for silver in the mining process. One of the main metals we have mined over the years is silver, and we have created some amazing jewelry and other items with it. However, there are safe paints used today that can imitate the cobalt blue color. The resultant bright cobalt blue pigment is considered toxic and is also not very eco-friendly and synthesizing alternatives that are less toxic and similar in color, has been challenging. The cobalt blue pigment is made by applying heat and pressure, also known as sintering, to cobalt oxide and aluminum oxide. The highly saturated bright cobalt blue is a little lighter than navy blue, but it is darker than sky blue. The cobalt blue color can be described as being a vibrant and darker shade of blue. 7.2 What Color Is Similar to Cobalt Blue?.3.4 Triadic and Tetradic Color Combinations.
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